Estimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus sebagai Pilar Deteksi Dini Penyakit Ginjal Kronik dalam Upaya Pencegahan Progresivitas Ginjal pada Populasi Dewasa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69930/scitec.v3i2.795Keywords:
eGFR; Fungsi Ginjal; Kreatinin; PDCA; Skrining KomunitasAbstract
Penurunan fungsi ginjal merupakan kondisi yang sering berlangsung secara subklinis dan tidak terdeteksi pada populasi dewasa, meskipun memiliki potensi berkembang menjadi penyakit ginjal kronis dengan dampak signifikan terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melakukan deteksi dini gangguan fungsi ginjal melalui skrining berbasis komunitas menggunakan pendekatan Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA). Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar kreatinin serum dan menghitung estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus (eGFR) sebagai indikator fungsi ginjal yang lebih sensitif. Sebanyak 109 partisipan dewasa terlibat dalam kegiatan ini, dengan rerata usia 42,81±13,55 tahun dan dominasi perempuan (67,9%). Rerata kadar kreatinin sebesar 0,98±0,20 mg/dL masih berada dalam kisaran normal. Namun demikian, rerata eGFR sebesar 79,16±22,15 mL/menit menunjukkan adanya variasi fungsi ginjal yang cukup luas antarindividu. Secara kategorikal, hanya 28,4% partisipan memiliki fungsi ginjal normal, sementara sebagian besar menunjukkan penurunan fungsi ginjal ringan (49,5%) dan penurunan sedang (22%), tanpa ditemukan kasus penurunan berat maupun gagal ginjal. Analisis distribusi menunjukkan variasi nilai eGFR berdasarkan jenis kelamin, dengan kecenderungan nilai yang lebih rendah dan distribusi yang lebih luas pada perempuan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa gangguan fungsi ginjal dapat terjadi pada populasi yang secara klinis tampak sehat dan tidak selalu terdeteksi melalui parameter kreatinin saja. Oleh karena itu, skrining fungsi ginjal berbasis komunitas dengan pendekatan PDCA terbukti efektif dalam mendeteksi perubahan fungsi ginjal secara dini. Integrasi kegiatan ini dengan edukasi kesehatan dan intervensi promotif-preventif menjadi penting untuk mencegah progresivitas penyakit ginjal dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat.
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