Evaluasi Status Gizi dan Skrining Obesitas pada Populasi Dewasa melalui Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Analisis Komposisi Tubuh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69930/scitec.v3i2.791Keywords:
komposisi tubuh, IMT, lemak visceral, PDCA, skrining komunitas, massa ototAbstract
Kelebihan berat badan dan perubahan komposisi tubuh merupakan faktor penting dalam perkembangan gangguan metabolik yang sering tidak terdeteksi pada populasi dewasa. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melakukan skrining komposisi tubuh guna mengidentifikasi distribusi lemak dan massa otot sebagai indikator risiko metabolik menggunakan pendekatan Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA). Pemeriksaan meliputi indeks massa tubuh (IMT), basal metabolic rate (BMR), lemak visceral, lemak tubuh total, lemak subkutan, serta massa otot rangka. Sebanyak 148 partisipan dewasa terlibat dengan rerata usia 42,78±13,44 tahun dan distribusi jenis kelamin yang relatif seimbang. Rerata IMT sebesar 26,45±4,70 kg/m² menunjukkan kecenderungan overweight, dengan proporsi obesitas tingkat 1 (36,5%) dan tingkat 2 (21,6%) yang cukup tinggi. Rerata lemak tubuh total tercatat 30,29±7,67% dan lemak visceral 12,41±11,93, yang mengindikasikan akumulasi lemak yang bermakna. Lemak subkutan lebih tinggi pada perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki, terutama pada ekstremitas (lengan ±45% vs ±26%; kaki ±42% vs ±25%). Sementara itu, massa otot rangka relatif masih terjaga dengan dominasi pada ekstremitas bawah (41,49±6,12%). Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya ketidakseimbangan komposisi tubuh yang berpotensi meningkatkan risiko metabolik, meskipun fungsi otot relatif masih baik. Skrining berbasis komunitas ini efektif dalam memberikan gambaran awal kondisi komposisi tubuh. Integrasi dengan intervensi promotif-preventif seperti pengaturan pola makan, peningkatan aktivitas fisik, dan pemantauan berkala diperlukan untuk mencegah progresivitas gangguan metabolik.
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