Peran Antropometri Lingkar Tubuh dan Tebal Lemak Subkutan dalam Deteksi Dini Sindrom Metabolik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69930/scitec.v3i1.618Keywords:
Antropometri; Lemak Subkutan; Lingkar Tubuh; Sindrom Metabolik; Skrining KesehatanAbstract
Sindrom metabolik merupakan kumpulan gangguan metabolik yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular, diabetes melitus tipe 2, dan komplikasi metabolik lainnya. Salah satu determinan utama sindrom ini adalah penumpukan lemak abdominal yang dapat diidentifikasi melalui parameter antropometri sederhana seperti lingkar tubuh dan tebal lipatan lemak subkutan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menilai peran pengukuran antropometri dalam deteksi dini risiko sindrom metabolik pada Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Kegiatan dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan Plan–Do–Check–Action (PDCA) dengan melibatkan pemeriksaan lingkar perut, panggul, lengan, leher, dan tebal lemak bawah kulit pada beberapa titik anatomis (biseps, triseps, suprailiaka, dan subskapular) menggunakan skinfold caliper terkalibrasi. Hasil menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki indeks massa tubuh dalam kategori normal hingga overweight, dengan kecenderungan peningkatan lingkar perut dan panggul terutama pada perempuan. Distribusi lemak subkutan yang lebih tinggi pada perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki mencerminkan pengaruh hormonal terhadap penyimpanan lemak perifer. Pola ini menunjukkan adanya pergeseran gaya hidup dan pola konsumsi yang berpotensi meningkatkan risiko metabolik pada usia produktif. Program ini berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai pentingnya pemantauan status gizi dan pencegahan obesitas sentral melalui edukasi gizi dan aktivitas fisik. Pengukuran antropometri sederhana terbukti efektif, murah, dan kontekstual sebagai alat skrining dini risiko sindrom metabolik berbasis komunitas, sekaligus menjadi dasar pengembangan intervensi kesehatan preventif berkelanjutan di wilayah semi-tradisional.
Downloads
References
Al-Shami, I., Alkhalidy, H., Alnaser, K., Mukattash, T. L., Al Hourani, H., Alzboun, T., Orabi, A., & Liu, D. (2022). Assessing metabolic syndrome prediction quality using seven anthropometric indices among Jordanian adults: a cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 21043. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25005-8
Anyanwu, O. A., Naumova, E. N., Chomitz, V. R., Zhang, F.-F., Chui, K., Kartasurya, M. I., & Folta, S. C. (2022). The Socio-Ecological Context of the Nutrition Transition in Indonesia: A Qualitative Investigation of Perspectives from Multi-Disciplinary Stakeholders. Nutrients, 15(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010025
Bullón-Vela, V., Abete, I., Tur, J. A., Konieczna, J., Romaguera, D., Pintó, X., Corbella, E., Martínez-González, M. A., Sayón-Orea, C., Toledo, E., Corella, D., Macías-Gonzalez, M., Tinahones, F. J., Fitó, M., Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Daimiel, L., Mascaró, C. M., … Martínez, J. A. (2020). Relationship of visceral adipose tissue with surrogate insulin resistance and liver markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome chronic complications. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042018820958298
Fisher, E., Brzezinski, R. Y., Ehrenwald, M., Shapira, I., Zeltser, D., Berliner, S., Marcus, Y., Shefer, G., Stern, N., Rogowski, O., Halperin, E., Rosset, S., & Shenhar-Tsarfaty, S. (2019). Increase of body mass index and waist circumference predicts development of metabolic syndrome criteria in apparently healthy individuals with 2 and 5 years follow-up. International Journal of Obesity, 43(4), 800–807. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0312-x
Fitranti, D. Y., Dieny, F. F., Kurniawati, D. M., Purwanti, R., Kusumaningnastiti, B., & Safitri, I. (2020). Metabolic characteristics and nutrition intake on women with normal body mass index. Food Research, 4(S3), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(S3).S13
Guldan, M., Ozbek, L., Abdel‐Rahman, S. M., Narin, A. E., Orak, H. I., Goren, H. K., Afsar, B., Rossing, P., & Kanbay, M. (2025). Targeting visceral and ectopic adiposity: Pharmacological and surgical interventions beyond global weight loss. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70019
Herningtyas, E. H., & Ng, T. S. (2019). Prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components among provinces and ethnic groups in Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6711-7
Islam, M. S., Wei, P., Suzauddula, M., Nime, I., Feroz, F., Acharjee, M., & Pan, F. (2024). The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity. Molecular Medicine, 30(1), 279. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-01019-y
Jamali, Z., Ayoobi, F., Jalali, Z., Bidaki, R., Lotfi, M. A., Esmaeili-Nadimi, A., & Khalili, P. (2024). Metabolic syndrome: a population-based study of prevalence and risk factors. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 3987. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54367-4
Kuryłowicz, A. (2023). Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction. Biomedicines, 11(3), 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030690
Lazzer, S., D’Alleva, M., Isola, M., De Martino, M., Caroli, D., Bondesan, A., Marra, A., & Sartorio, A. (2023). Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) Highlight a Higher Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Severe Obesity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(9), 3055. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12093055
Lee, V., Han, Y., Toh, D.-F., Bryant, J. A., Boubertakh, R., Le, T.-T., & Chin, C. W. L. (2024). Differential association of abdominal, liver, and epicardial adiposity with anthropometry, diabetes, and cardiac remodeling in Asians. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1439691
O’Sullivan, A. J. (2009). Does oestrogen allow women to store fat more efficiently? A biological advantage for fertility and gestation. Obesity Reviews, 10(2), 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00539.x
Oddo, V. M., Maehara, M., & Rah, J. H. (2019). Overweight in Indonesia: an observational study of trends and risk factors among adults and children. BMJ Open, 9(9), e031198. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031198
Pedersen, S. B., Kristensen, K., Hermann, P. A., Katzenellenbogen, J. A., & Richelsen, B. (2004). Estrogen Controls Lipolysis by Up-Regulating α2A-Adrenergic Receptors Directly in Human Adipose Tissue through the Estrogen Receptor α. Implications for the Female Fat Distribution. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89(4), 1869–1878. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031327
Peterson, M. D., Al Snih, S., Serra-Rexach, J. A., & Burant, C. (2015). Android Adiposity and Lack of Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity Are Associated With Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in Aging Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70(8), 1009–1017. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv002
Phillips, L. K., & Prins, J. B. (2008). The link between abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Current Hypertension Reports, 10(2), 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-008-0029-7
Shapira, N. (2013). Women’s higher health risks in the obesogenic environment: a gender nutrition approach to metabolic dimorphism with predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine. EPMA Journal, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1878-5085-4-1
Sluyter, J. D., Plank, L. D., & Rush, E. C. (2022). Identifying metabolic syndrome in migrant Asian Indian adults with anthropometric and visceral fat action points. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 14(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-022-00871-4
Snijder, M. B., Zimmet, P. Z., Visser, M., Dekker, J. M., Seidell, J. C., & Shaw, J. E. (2004). Independent and opposite associations of waist and hip circumferences with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia: the AusDiab Study. International Journal of Obesity, 28(3), 402–409. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802567
Stamm, E., Marques-Vidal, P., Rodriguez, E. G., Vollenweider, P., Hans, D., & Lamy, O. (2022). Association of adiposity evaluated by anthropometric, BIA, and DXA measures with cardiometabolic risk factors in nonobese postmenopausal women: the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort. Menopause, 29(4), 450–459. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001930
Tchernof, A., & Després, J.-P. (2013). Pathophysiology of Human Visceral Obesity: An Update. Physiological Reviews, 93(1), 359–404. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00033.2011
Usfar, A. A., Lebenthal, E., Atmarita, Achadi, E., Soekirman, & Hadi, H. (2010). Obesity as a poverty‐related emerging nutrition problems: the case of Indonesia. Obesity Reviews, 11(12), 924–928. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00814.x
Witczak-Sawczuk, K., Ostrowska, L., Cwalina, U., Leszczyńska, J., Jastrzębska-Mierzyńska, M., & Hładuński, M. K. (2024). Estimation of the Impact of Abdominal Adipose Tissue (Subcutaneous and Visceral) on the Occurrence of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Patients with Obesity—A Pilot Study. Nutrients, 16(9), 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091301
Zhang, R., Sun, J., Wang, C., Wang, X., Zhao, P., Yuan, Y., Ai, H., & Zhou, Q. (2022). The Racial Disparities in the Epidemic of Metabolic Syndrome With Increased Age: A Study From 28,049 Chinese and American Adults. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.797183
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 David Ariwibowo, Alexander Halim Santoso, Bryan Anna Wijaya, Brandon Alexander Setiady, Haritsyah Hekmatyar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
