GIS-based Flood Susceptibility Prediction using Google Earth Engine in Halmahera Tengah Regency, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69930/fsst.v3i1.784Keywords:
Flood, Halmahera Tengah, GIS, MCDA, Google Earth EngineAbstract
Flooding is a recurring hydrometeorological hazard in Halmahera Tengah Regency, North Maluku, causing environmental and socio-economic losses and highlighting the need for effective mitigation. This study aimed to develop a flood susceptibility map for the regency, which has lacked spatially based flood assessments despite frequent flood events. The analysis used a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) processed on Google Earth Engine, with five controlling variables: distance from permanent water bodies, elevation, Topographic Position Index (TPI), NDVI, and NDWI. The results show that Halmahera Tengah is dominated by moderate flood susceptibility, covering 125,458.40 ha or 56.40% of the area. High susceptibility covers 62,087.25 ha (27.91%), while low susceptibility covers 34,900.10 ha (15.69%). At the subdistrict level, flood susceptibility is unevenly distributed, with Weda Tengah, Weda Timur, and Weda Utara containing extensive moderate to high-risk zones. Model validation using ROC produced an AUC value of 0.827, indicating good model performance. The findings also align with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 13.1 on climate and disaster resilience, SDG 11.5 on reducing disaster impacts, and SDG 15.3 on land degradation and land cover management. Overall, the study shows that flood susceptibility mapping can support spatial planning, improve disaster preparedness, and strengthen future flood risk reduction efforts in Halmahera Tengah Regency.
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